2026 Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Schools
Looking for the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences programs programs in the United States? Our ranking highlights 1903 schools by value — the balance of cost and student outcomes, using our 2026 methodology. Our scores reflect factors such as tuition, student debt, and post-graduation earnings to surface the strongest return on investment.
So you can compare your options, Course Advisor analyzed schools to produce this 2026 value ranking, drawing primarily on U.S. Department of Education data (IPEDS and College Scorecard). View our full ranking methodology.
Top 25 Best-Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Schools in the United States
Learn more about these high-value schools below:
Brigham Young University Idaho tops our 2026 ranking of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences programs schools in the United States. This private not-for-profit school is set in Rexburg, ID. Students from in state pay about $4,800 in tuition and fees. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $13,538. Graduates go on to earn a median of $53,406 ten years after entry. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. About 96% of those who apply are admitted. See the full Brigham Young University Idaho profile
Gloucester County College came in at #2 on this year's best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences ranking in the United States. This public school is set in Sewell, NJ. Students from in state pay about $5,160 in tuition and fees, while out-of-state students pay about $6,000. Gloucester County College Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $9,500 in debt. Graduates go on to earn a median of $41,751 ten years after entry. Set against $9,500 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Get the full Gloucester County College report
A rank of #3 makes University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez one of the best values in the United States. Based in Mayaguez, PR, University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $5,274 in tuition and fees. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $8,369. Median earnings reach $48,992 ten years out. Set against $8,369 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez has an acceptance rate of 56%. Read more about University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez
Out of the 1903 schools in the United States in this year's value ranking, Brigham Young University Provo landed the #4 spot. This private not-for-profit school is set in Provo, UT. In-state tuition and fees run about $6,688. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $12,032. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $75,790. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. The acceptance rate is 68%. See the full Brigham Young University Provo profile
You'll get strong value at Inter American University Of Puerto Rico San German, which ranked #5 this year. Based in San German, PR, Inter American University Of Puerto Rico San German is a private not-for-profit institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $5,780. Graduates carry a median of $11,000 in student loans. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $25,416. That is a strong return on a $11,000 median debt. Inter American University Of Puerto Rico San German admits about 42% of applicants. Read more about Inter American University Of Puerto Rico San German
Metropolitan State University ranked #6 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Based in Saint Paul, MN, Metropolitan State University is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees average $9,840. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $28,619. Median earnings reach $64,705 ten years out. Set against $28,619 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. About 99% of those who apply are admitted. Read more about Metropolitan State University
Elizabeth City State University ranked #7 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Elizabeth City State University is a public school based in Elizabeth City, NC. In-state tuition and fees average $6,536, compared with $10,536 for out-of-state students. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $26,992. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $40,026. Set against $26,992 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. The acceptance rate is 64%. Read more about Elizabeth City State University
University Of Puerto Rico Humacao came in at #8 in this year's value ranking. This public school is set in Humacao, PR. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $5,324. Graduates carry a median of $5,500 in student loans. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $29,521. Set against $5,500 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. The acceptance rate is 55%. Get the full University Of Puerto Rico Humacao report
Hood College ranked #9 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Based in Frederick, MD, Hood College is a private not-for-profit institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $47,700. Hood College Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $27,000 in debt. Median earnings reach $57,089 ten years out. Set against $27,000 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Roughly 78% of applicants are accepted. See the full Hood College profile
University Of North Carolina At Pembroke placed #10 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. Located in Pembroke, NC, University Of North Carolina At Pembroke is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $3,648, with out-of-state students paying around $7,648. Graduates carry a median of $27,000 in student loans. Graduates go on to earn a median of $43,407 ten years after entry. That is a strong return on a $27,000 median debt. The acceptance rate is 93%. More on University Of North Carolina At Pembroke
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center offered strong value this year, earning the #11 position. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center is a public school based in Lubbock, TX. In-state tuition and fees average $10,214, with out-of-state students paying around $22,514. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $24,889 in debt. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $92,348. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Get the full Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center report
Arizona State University Skysong offered strong value this year, earning the #12 position. This public school is set in Scottsdale, AZ. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $11,627, compared with $13,925 for out-of-state students. Students borrow a median of $20,288 to complete their Biological Biomedical Sciences program here. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $62,668. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Arizona State University Skysong admits about 67% of applicants. See the full Arizona State University Skysong profile
University Of Puerto Rico Ponce ranked #12 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Based in Ponce, PR, University Of Puerto Rico Ponce is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $5,324 in tuition and fees. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $5,500. Median earnings reach $31,394 ten years out. Set against $5,500 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. About 52% of those who apply are admitted. Read more about University Of Puerto Rico Ponce
Bemidji State University ranked #14 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Based in Bemidji, MN, Bemidji State University is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $10,237 in tuition and fees. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $28,541. Median earnings reach $53,755 ten years out. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Bemidji State University has an acceptance rate of 56%. Read the full report on Bemidji State University
University Of Maryland University College came in at #15 in this year's value ranking. Based in Adelphi, MD, University Of Maryland University College is a public institution. Expect in-state tuition and fees of around $8,136, while out-of-state students pay about $12,336. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $23,276. Graduates go on to earn a median of $65,287 ten years after entry. Set against $23,276 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Read more about University Of Maryland University College
Ivy Tech Community College ranked #16 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Ivy Tech Community College is a public school based in Indianapolis, IN. In-state tuition and fees average $5,154, while out-of-state students pay about $9,935. Ivy Tech Community College Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $11,889 in debt. Median earnings reach $37,186 ten years out. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Read more about Ivy Tech Community College
Inter American University Of Puerto Rico Bayamon offered strong value this year, earning the #17 position. Inter American University Of Puerto Rico Bayamon is a private not-for-profit school based in Bayamon, PR. In-state tuition and fees average $5,780. Graduates carry a median of $8,250 in student loans. Inter American University Of Puerto Rico Bayamon alumni report median earnings of $29,936 a decade after entry. Set against $8,250 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Inter American University Of Puerto Rico Bayamon has an acceptance rate of 40%. Read more about Inter American University Of Puerto Rico Bayamon
West Texas A And M University came in at #18 in this year's value ranking. Located in Canyon, TX, West Texas A And M University is a public institution. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $9,101, with out-of-state students paying around $10,996. Graduates carry a median of $21,578 in student loans. Graduates go on to earn a median of $50,741 ten years after entry. Set against $21,578 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. About 99% of those who apply are admitted. Read the full report on West Texas A And M University
Western Carolina University offered strong value this year, earning the #19 position. Located in Cullowhee, NC, Western Carolina University is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $4,630 in tuition and fees, while out-of-state students pay about $8,630. Western Carolina University Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $26,037 in debt. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $49,458. Set against $26,037 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Western Carolina University admits about 82% of applicants. Get the full Western Carolina University report
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville came in at #20 in this year's value ranking. Based in Edwardsville, IL, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees average $12,092. Graduates carry a median of $22,396 in student loans. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $56,346. That is a strong return on a $22,396 median debt. Southern Illinois University Edwardsville admits about 98% of applicants. Get the full Southern Illinois University Edwardsville report
Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Arecibo landed the #21 spot for value in the United States this year. This private not-for-profit school is set in Arecibo, PR. In-state tuition and fees run about $6,550. Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Arecibo Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $17,556 in debt. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $24,908. That is a strong return on a $17,556 median debt. About 94% of those who apply are admitted. More on Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Arecibo
University Of Wisconsin River Falls ranked #22 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. This public school is set in River Falls, WI. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $9,008, with out-of-state students paying around $17,470. University Of Wisconsin River Falls Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $24,715 in debt. Graduates go on to earn a median of $54,458 ten years after entry. That is a strong return on a $24,715 median debt. Roughly 82% of applicants are accepted. See the full University Of Wisconsin River Falls profile
Kutztown University Of Pennsylvania landed the #23 spot for value in the United States this year. Located in Kutztown, PA, Kutztown University Of Pennsylvania is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $11,206, while out-of-state students pay about $16,330. Kutztown University Of Pennsylvania Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $27,000 in debt. Graduates go on to earn a median of $53,775 ten years after entry. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Kutztown University Of Pennsylvania has an acceptance rate of 91%. Get the full Kutztown University Of Pennsylvania report
Eastern Virginia Medical School landed the #24 spot for value in the United States this year. Eastern Virginia Medical School is a public school based in Norfolk, VA. See the full Eastern Virginia Medical School profile
University Of Wisconsin La Crosse placed #25 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. This public school is set in La Crosse, WI. In-state tuition and fees average $10,070, with out-of-state students paying around $19,517. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $23,222. Median earnings reach $60,378 ten years out. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. About 76% of those who apply are admitted. More on University Of Wisconsin La Crosse
Rest of the Top 50 Best-Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Schools in the United States
These schools also delivered strong value this year:
Northern Illinois University ranked #26 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Northern Illinois University is a public school based in Dekalb, IL. Students from in state pay about $13,060 in tuition and fees. Students borrow a median of $23,630 to complete their Biological Biomedical Sciences program here. Graduates go on to earn a median of $57,808 ten years after entry. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Northern Illinois University has an acceptance rate of 70%. Get the full Northern Illinois University report
Shippensburg University Of Pennsylvania ranked #27 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Shippensburg University Of Pennsylvania is a public school based in Shippensburg, PA. Students from in state pay about $13,570 in tuition and fees, while out-of-state students pay about $15,824. Students borrow a median of $27,000 to complete their Biological Biomedical Sciences program here. Shippensburg University Of Pennsylvania alumni report median earnings of $56,351 a decade after entry. That is a strong return on a $27,000 median debt. About 86% of those who apply are admitted. More on Shippensburg University Of Pennsylvania
Minnesota State University Mankato came in at #28 in this year's value ranking. Set in Mankato, MN, Minnesota State University Mankato is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $9,572, compared with $18,942 for out-of-state students. Minnesota State University Mankato Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $26,000 in debt. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $56,922. That is a strong return on a $26,000 median debt. About 88% of those who apply are admitted. More on Minnesota State University Mankato
South Dakota State University placed #28 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. Based in Brookings, SD, South Dakota State University is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $9,299, while out-of-state students pay about $12,809. South Dakota State University Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $27,000 in debt. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $55,070. That is a strong return on a $27,000 median debt. About 98% of those who apply are admitted. More on South Dakota State University
Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Ponce placed #30 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. Located in Ponce, PR, Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Ponce is a private not-for-profit institution. Students from in state pay about $6,650 in tuition and fees. Graduates carry a median of $17,556 in student loans. Median earnings reach $24,908 ten years out. That is a strong return on a $17,556 median debt. About 98% of those who apply are admitted. Get the full Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Ponce report
North Dakota State University Main Campus came in at #31 in this year's value ranking. Based in Fargo, ND, North Dakota State University Main Campus is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $10,910 in tuition and fees, while out-of-state students pay about $15,564. Graduates carry a median of $25,950 in student loans. North Dakota State University Main Campus alumni report median earnings of $62,203 a decade after entry. That is a strong return on a $25,950 median debt. North Dakota State University Main Campus admits about 95% of applicants. Read more about North Dakota State University Main Campus
Youngstown State University placed #32 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. This public school is set in Youngstown, OH. In-state tuition and fees run about $9,926, compared with $10,286 for out-of-state students. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $19,000. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $41,544. That is a strong return on a $19,000 median debt. About 84% of those who apply are admitted. Read the full report on Youngstown State University
Eastern New Mexico University Main Campus came in at #33 in this year's value ranking. Eastern New Mexico University Main Campus is a public school based in Portales, NM. In-state tuition and fees average $7,074, while out-of-state students pay about $9,054. Students borrow a median of $8,632 to complete their Biological Biomedical Sciences program here. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $38,550. That is a strong return on a $8,632 median debt. Eastern New Mexico University Main Campus admits about 92% of applicants. Read more about Eastern New Mexico University Main Campus
University Of Wisconsin Oshkosh ranked #34 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. This public school is set in Oshkosh, WI. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $8,532, compared with $16,446 for out-of-state students. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $24,672. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $55,548. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. University Of Wisconsin Oshkosh has an acceptance rate of 86%. Get the full University Of Wisconsin Oshkosh report
Truman State University ranked #35 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. This public school is set in Kirksville, MO. Students from in state pay about $9,838 in tuition and fees, compared with $18,566 for out-of-state students. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $20,305. Median earnings reach $56,280 ten years out. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Roughly 84% of applicants are accepted. Read the full report on Truman State University
Fort Hays State University came in at #36 in this year's value ranking. Set in Hays, KS, Fort Hays State University is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees average $5,923, with out-of-state students paying around $17,741. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $22,000. Graduates go on to earn a median of $48,928 ten years after entry. Set against $22,000 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Fort Hays State University has an acceptance rate of 90%. See the full Fort Hays State University profile
Western Illinois University came in at #37 in this year's value ranking. Set in Macomb, IL, Western Illinois University is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $14,572 in tuition and fees. Graduates carry a median of $27,585 in student loans. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $54,163. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Western Illinois University admits about 71% of applicants. Read more about Western Illinois University
San Jose State University placed #38 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. Set in San Jose, CA, San Jose State University is a public institution. Expect in-state tuition and fees of around $8,410, compared with $21,010 for out-of-state students. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $78,988. About 85% of those who apply are admitted. Read more about San Jose State University
University Of South Dakota placed #39 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. Set in Vermillion, SD, University Of South Dakota is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees average $9,432, with out-of-state students paying around $12,942. Graduates carry a median of $23,250 in student loans. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $51,926. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. University Of South Dakota has an acceptance rate of 99%. More on University Of South Dakota
Midwestern State University placed #40 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. This public school is set in Wichita Falls, TX. Students from in state pay about $9,950 in tuition and fees, while out-of-state students pay about $11,770. Students borrow a median of $22,377 to complete their Biological Biomedical Sciences program here. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $55,747. Set against $22,377 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Midwestern State University admits about 94% of applicants. Read the full report on Midwestern State University
Purdue University Northwest came in at #41 in this year's value ranking. Based in Hammond, IN, Purdue University Northwest is a public institution. Expect in-state tuition and fees of around $8,357, with out-of-state students paying around $15,504. Graduates carry a median of $24,750 in student loans. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $48,318. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Purdue University Northwest admits about 72% of applicants. See the full Purdue University Northwest profile
University Of Nebraska At Kearney offered strong value this year, earning the #42 position. Located in Kearney, NE, University Of Nebraska At Kearney is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $8,564 in tuition and fees, compared with $16,484 for out-of-state students. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $19,000. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $50,105. That is a strong return on a $19,000 median debt. Roughly 90% of applicants are accepted. More on University Of Nebraska At Kearney
California State University Channel Islands offered strong value this year, earning the #43 position. This public school is set in Camarillo, CA. Students from in state pay about $7,159 in tuition and fees, with out-of-state students paying around $19,759. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $19,500. California State University Channel Islands alumni report median earnings of $62,152 a decade after entry. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. California State University Channel Islands admits about 95% of applicants. See the full California State University Channel Islands profile
Alcorn State University placed #44 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. This public school is set in Alcorn State, MS. In-state tuition and fees run about $8,785. Graduates carry a median of $30,500 in student loans. Graduates go on to earn a median of $36,421 ten years after entry. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. About 45% of those who apply are admitted. Get the full Alcorn State University report
Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez ranked #44 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. This private not-for-profit school is set in Mayaguez, PR. In-state tuition and fees average $6,550. Typical Biological Biomedical Sciences student debt is $18,500. Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez alumni report median earnings of $24,908 a decade after entry. That is a strong return on a $18,500 median debt. Roughly 99% of applicants are accepted. More on Pontifical Catholic University Of Puerto Rico Mayaguez
University Of Northern Iowa offered strong value this year, earning the #46 position. University Of Northern Iowa is a public school based in Cedar Falls, IA. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $9,936, with out-of-state students paying around $21,712. Students borrow a median of $21,500 to complete their Biological Biomedical Sciences program here. University Of Northern Iowa alumni report median earnings of $55,177 a decade after entry. Set against $21,500 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. University Of Northern Iowa admits about 93% of applicants. More on University Of Northern Iowa
Columbia College Missouri offered strong value this year, earning the #47 position. Located in Columbia, MO, Columbia College Missouri is a private not-for-profit institution. The average in-state cost of tuition and fees is $12,276. Columbia College Missouri Biological Biomedical Sciences students take on a median of $21,325 in debt. A decade after starting, students earn a median of $45,378. Set against $21,325 in median debt, that is a healthy payoff. Read the full report on Columbia College Missouri
University Of North Dakota came in at #48 in this year's value ranking. Set in Grand Forks, ND, University Of North Dakota is a public institution. In-state tuition and fees run about $10,951, compared with $15,570 for out-of-state students. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $22,500. Median earnings reach $63,552 ten years out. That is a strong return on a $22,500 median debt. Roughly 77% of applicants are accepted. See the full University Of North Dakota profile
University Of Wisconsin Eau Claire ranked #48 on our 2026 list of the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools. Based in Eau Claire, WI, University Of Wisconsin Eau Claire is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $9,642 in tuition and fees, with out-of-state students paying around $19,228. Graduates carry a median of $21,500 in student loans. University Of Wisconsin Eau Claire alumni report median earnings of $58,561 a decade after entry. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. University Of Wisconsin Eau Claire has an acceptance rate of 82%. Read the full report on University Of Wisconsin Eau Claire
Worcester State University placed #50 among the best-value Biological Biomedical Sciences schools in the United States. Located in Worcester, MA, Worcester State University is a public institution. Students from in state pay about $11,786 in tuition and fees, compared with $17,866 for out-of-state students. The median Biological Biomedical Sciences program debt is $23,311. Ten years after enrolling, students earn a median of $60,624. Weighed against typical debt, the earnings make a compelling case for value. Worcester State University has an acceptance rate of 88%. See the full Worcester State University profile
Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Schools by Degree Level
See the best values at each degree level:
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Certificate Degree Schools
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Undergraduate Certificate Degree Schools
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Associate’s Degree Schools
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Bachelor’s Degree Schools
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Graduate Certificate Degree Schools
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Master’s Degree Schools
- Best Value Biological Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Degree Schools
Ranking Methodology & Notes
This list is compiled by Course Advisor (DMS_RANKING_2023), 2026 edition. Schools are scored on the balance of cost (tuition and student debt) against student outcomes (post-graduation earnings) — a measure of return on investment — drawn primarily from the U.S. Department of Education (IPEDS and College Scorecard).
Ranking method: College Major Best Value · Scope: Nation. *Averages shown above reflect the top 1903 ranked schools only.
References
- Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) — National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education (core institutional data).
- College Scorecard — U.S. Department of Education (graduate earnings and outcomes data).